I'm shocked that a "young musician" would even care.
Don't play so bloody loud. Most audiences don't need it that loud.
Muffle the drummer. Yes, this may be difficult. But drummer is the only instrument which does not need amplification in small venues, so does not have a volume control, yet many drummers use kits loud enough to play stadiums. Everybody else has to turn-up to hear themselves. Even trumpets, which should never need boost, need boost.
If you must play large rooms, use directional speakers with minimal side/back bleed to flood the audience, then keep yourself out of the beam. But this is only some help in a room, because the reverberant (entire room) level is rarely 10dB down from the first-row level.
Blow $39 for a sound-level meter, print a copy of the OSHA noise limits. If it is too loud for employees, it is too loud for you. The OSHA limits will not prevent hearing loss, they balance damage and profit. I never went near the OSHA limits for 35 years, but my good-ear hearing declined (some loss with age may be normal even without exposure to loud sound).
Go to the audiologist. (If you have medical insurance, ask your doc for a "baseline hearing test" so it can go on insurance.) If your audiologist is compliant, explain that you live by your ears and would like "half octaves".
My good ear is reasonable but my other ear is WAY down. There's no noise-exposure reason for this: not only have I tried to be good, when I'm bad it's both-ears. So I'm getting referred to the ear/throat doctor to see if I have a drainage problem or what.
As for protection: I hate ear-plugs (maybe related to what's-up in my bad ear). I use woodshop ear-muffs for mowing and snow-blowing. (Better would be good shooter's earmuffs.) Really keep my ears warm in the snow! But maybe not appropriate for stage.