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Hoffman Amps Forum image Author Topic: choke or B+ resistor... are both possible?  (Read 17830 times)

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Offline bluesbear

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choke or B+ resistor... are both possible?
« on: June 11, 2011, 04:51:45 pm »
Here's a crazy question I've never seen addressed. In lots of older and/or smaller amps (5E3, for instance), a resistor was used instead of a choke. I've read all the plus' and minus' of choke vs resistor. Some people swear by one, some the other. Personally, I've always used a choke in anything over 5 watts. I had a thought (amazing but true)! What if you wanted a choke to help smooth the B+ but wanted to lower the voltage to the tubes? Is there any reason you couldn't use a choke in series with a resistor between the center tap of the OT and the power tube plates? I've never seen it done but I can't see why it wouldn't work. If this is inspiration, please let me know. If it's insanity, stop me before I try it!
Thanks,
Dave

Offline Fresh_Start

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Re: choke or B+ resistor... are both possible?
« Reply #1 on: June 11, 2011, 05:00:15 pm »
Dave - Why not?  I've thought of the same thing for the purpose of introducing more "sag" in the power rail. 

An interesting thing to play with would be your power rail dropping resistor (after the choke) balanced with screen grid resistors.  IOW the dropping resistor lowers voltage for the rest of the power rail while screen resistors drop voltage only to the screen grids as they pull more current.

Have fun!

Chip
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Offline jjasilli

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Re: choke or B+ resistor... are both possible?
« Reply #2 on: June 11, 2011, 05:28:49 pm »
Did a google search & got a range of subjective opinions.   I remember old posts in which a resistor was added to a choke to drop screen voltage at idle.   But the effect of the extra resistance will increase with signal strenght, i.e. more current draw; and so will the effect of the choke.  In the end, what you hear, or like, will be a subjective preference (so long as the circuit stays within operating parameters).

A switching arrangement would allow you to audition choke alone vs. resistor alone vs. choke + resistor

Note that with choke and/or resistor in series with the main B+ line, you will also affect B+ voltage downstream.  Optionally, this could be avoided by placing these compnents off the B+ main line (in parallel), one set feeding ea screen.  (I'm just mentioning, not advocating this.)

In the end you could probably just use a choke with more DC resistance, and/or more Henries.  The latter option would have less effect at idle; more at higher signal draw.


Offline tubeswell

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Re: choke or B+ resistor... are both possible?
« Reply #3 on: June 11, 2011, 05:43:24 pm »
I did a 5E3 with switchable CLC/CRC filter a couple of years ago. I experimented with various Rg2 resistances for the screens, and ended up using an unbypassed 4k7 screen resistor between the screen filter cap and the screens to get some nice screen compression in 'choke' mode. It sounded quite good this way. I'll see if I can dig up the soundbytes (I sold the amp a couple of years ago)

Schematic attached FWIW. If I do this again, I'll wire the switch differently, so that the resistors are permanently wired and the CLC mode switch option merely bypasses the resistors. That way it was wired, you really shouldn't change the thing while its switched on (which is why I had the switch hidden inside the cab).
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Offline zendragon63

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Re: choke or B+ resistor... are both possible?
« Reply #4 on: June 12, 2011, 12:39:53 am »
Hey Dave, I have built a handful of PP amps using lightweight tubes--EL95s, 6AQ5s, 6G6s--and typically add a resisitor of 1K to 2K in addition to a 10H to 20H choke on my own 'designs'. My reasoning was that it sounded a little smoother to me, seemed to lower the the rail noise that much more and it always brought the screen volts down below the plate--especially when running the volts on the high side of design spec. 20H chokes that rate at 40-60ma are physically small to deal with both weight and real estate wise. Does it matter which one is first? Probably some science there that I am ignorant of but I always go resistor-choke. Chip is right on the sag aspect of it though I don't notice it as much as tube power class gets smaller and the current demands decrease. Or doodle with it in a compressive aspect. Regards

dennis
« Last Edit: June 12, 2011, 12:58:52 am by zendragon63 »
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Offline overtone

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Re: choke or B+ resistor... are both possible?
« Reply #5 on: June 12, 2011, 04:27:44 am »
Is there any reason you couldn't use a choke in series with a resistor between the center tap of the OT and the power tube plates?
I am confused, do you mean anode/plate chokes?  Could you make a quick sketch of the proposal?
For a moment I thought you wrote that you want the choke between the OT Ct and the tube plates... would that be two chokes - one for each plate? Now I am not sure I understand the question at all.

Like Dennis, I mostly use a damping resistor in series with a power supply choke on homebrews, except I go choke to resistor. I have included a schematic excerpt.
Best, tony
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Offline bluesbear

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Re: choke or B+ resistor... are both possible?
« Reply #6 on: June 12, 2011, 05:51:18 am »
You guys get the idea... except since I always use a choke, I'm just using the resistor to lower the voltage a bit to the power tubes. If I don't like the voltage to the PI and preamp tubes, I just lower (or raise) the dropping resistors till I like what I see. That's the easy (but slightly tedious) part. Given what I want to achieve vs what I usually do, I think I'll try the choke, then the resistor.
Thanks, this may just work!
Dave

Offline tubenit

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Re: choke or B+ resistor... are both possible?
« Reply #7 on: June 12, 2011, 06:06:00 am »
I don't remember which amp it was that I built, but I used a resistor and choke in series on one. Worked fine. I did it to lower the B+ to the power tube screens.

with respect, Tubenit

Offline jjasilli

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Re: choke or B+ resistor... are both possible?
« Reply #8 on: June 12, 2011, 08:48:33 am »
Does it matter which one is first? Probably some science there that I am ignorant of but I always go resistor-choke.  For general operation it makes no difference.  But for theoretical safety, if the R is placed before the L, it will offer some protection to the L in case of some mishap.

Offline Fresh_Start

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Re: choke or B+ resistor... are both possible?
« Reply #9 on: June 12, 2011, 09:11:59 am »
Does it matter which one is first? Probably some science there that I am ignorant of but I always go resistor-choke.  For general operation it makes no difference.  But for theoretical safety, if the R is placed before the L, it will offer some protection to the L in case of some mishap.

I could be way off base with this, but doesn't the choke "store" voltage and/or current?  If you wanted some sag in addition to dropping the voltage, seems like putting the choke first would be preferable.

Please let me know if that makes any sense.

Chip
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Offline overtone

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Re: choke or B+ resistor... are both possible?
« Reply #10 on: June 12, 2011, 01:40:38 pm »
on checking Merlin's power supply book, I see he has the damping resistor added before the choke. I am still thinking about this and why I have mine afterwards...
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Offline zendragon63

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Re: choke or B+ resistor... are both possible?
« Reply #11 on: June 12, 2011, 01:49:18 pm »
Now that I read the original question again...I musta skimmed over the use a choke in series with a resistor between the center tap of the OT and the power tube plates?part. Brain still on standby, needed more warm up time, my bad. It should work provided that you don't need to drop maybe <50V. I have actually added that resistor directly in front of the OT CT with the intent to drop volts just to the plates (got it this time) but then I had the Vs to deal with. So in the end I didn't feel I gained anything except the experience. IIRC, the cleanliness of the plate supply V usually not as important as the screen supply so adding a choke soley feeding plates wouldn't give as much mpg as to the screen. Hopefully I don't have that backwards. Dave--and others--I am sure you already know this but it is helpful for me to jump in occasionally to learn more about this stuff. Regards

dennis
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Offline bluesbear

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Re: choke or B+ resistor... are both possible?
« Reply #12 on: June 12, 2011, 03:50:34 pm »
It all makes sense. I'm just looking at the idea of a 5E3 sorta amp, stock... except with an added choke. I just don't want to change the character of the amp. Replacing the resistor with a choke would change it. Hopefully, adding a choke to the existing circuit won't, at least, not much.
Thanks all! I know what to do now.
Dave

Offline TIMBO

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Re: choke or B+ resistor... are both possible?
« Reply #13 on: June 12, 2011, 04:36:47 pm »
Hi Dave, Its these sorts of problems that leave me in the dark because of the theory side has left me  :BangHead: The only thing i am left to do is the trial & error thing (and hopefully don't destroy anything of value in the process,I'm worth a lot of money you know  :l2:) The idea of just adding the choke before the resistor to me sounds like the way to go but i'm no expert. So maybe try the trial thing, if you take the voltages as is,replace the 5k resistor with the choke and add that 5k resistor to the 22k in series that will keep the PI and preamp happy.I would think that the voltage drop across that 5k resistor would not be very much, so would increasing the screen resistors to the power tubes compensate, achieve the required voltage of the original voltages taken. This idea might only show my lack the theory side of amp building.Thanks

Offline Merlin

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Re: choke or B+ resistor... are both possible?
« Reply #14 on: June 12, 2011, 04:38:17 pm »
If you're talking about putting a choke in the conventional location, with an added resistor, then there is no reason why you can't do this, (it doesn't matter what order you put them since they are in series), but it will damp the circuit which may or may not be what you want. If you want the original transient response of the choke, but more voltage drop, then you can put a zener in series with the choke instead.

But Bluesbear seems to be talking about putting a choke+resistor directly in series with the supply to the CT of the OT (after the usual PSU cap), which is a completely different kettle of fish. This would result in major sag since the power valves would no longer be getting their current directly from a capacitor.

Offline bluesbear

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Re: choke or B+ resistor... are both possible?
« Reply #15 on: June 12, 2011, 11:37:37 pm »
Some of you are looking at this backwards. I'm not really talking about adding a resistor to an existing choke. If that was what I was aiming for, I'd just buy the right PT to begin with. Look at it like this:
Say I want to build a Deluxe 5C3 and I want it to sound like a 5C3. I do, however, want to add a choke in series with the first 10k resistor in the B+ line (where it ought to go, anyway). The resistor and the sag are already there. I just want to add a bit of noise rejection. What's really happening here is that I want to try something different (for me) and I just wanted to make sure it was feasable. It seemed okay but making assumptions with 300+ volts is not something I like doing. Now I know I can go ahead and try.
Thanks to all!
Dave

Offline PRR

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Re: choke or B+ resistor... are both possible?
« Reply #16 on: June 13, 2011, 11:14:18 pm »
> a choke in series with the first 10k resistor in the B+ line... to add a bit of noise rejection

"Noise"?? Hiss? Hum? Buzz?

Choking the B+ won't change hiss.

It could change hum and buzz. However 10K is already a large "choke" (as well as DC volts-dropper). Adding the usual 5 Henry choke only adds 3.7K impedance at 120Hz buzz frequency. 10K, 14K, no great difference. You should be thinking 20H or more, but that's not as common as the few-H models.

The reason to use a choke is when you want 1K or less of DC (voltage drop) impedance but more than 1K of AC (ripple, buzz) impedance. A max-output EL34 amp has G2 current from 10mA to 50mA. 2K might give adequate filtering, but the 50mA*2K= 100V drop of G2 voltage at full scream may cut the power. 500 ohms would be a more reasonable value for DC, but 500 ohms against a typical 40uFd filter cap is not much buzz reduction. A Fenderish choke is a few hundred ohms DC but well over 1K for buzz.

With as much as 10K, buzz should not be a real issue. If it is, break-up the 10K into two 5K and stick another cap in the middle. 2-stage filter is 4 times better, and the added cap is cheaper and lighter than a choke of useful performance.

But sure, go ahead and series a choke with your resistor. Shouldn't hurt. As Merlin says: doesn't really matter what-order unless you contrive some accident (resistor first, short in choke or preamp: odds are the cheap resistor fries before the costly choke... but the real answer is "don't have shorts").

Offline bluesbear

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Re: choke or B+ resistor... are both possible?
« Reply #17 on: June 14, 2011, 09:15:46 am »
Thanks, PRR. I think what you're saying is the added choke won't have much audible affect. That may be exactly what I want. I guess I'm trying to reinvent the wheel... but sometimes that wheel gets improved in the process. I'll try it out and see what happens.
Thanks,
Dave

Offline phsyconoodler

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Re: choke or B+ resistor... are both possible?
« Reply #18 on: June 15, 2011, 10:25:58 am »
The choke simply tightens the bottom a bit and smooths out the overdrive.Less ripple = smoother tones.

You could add a resistor between the PT center tap and ground and make it switchable to lower the B+ for a squishier,browner tone.
  Then again you could get that with separate cathode resistor/caps and lift the caps with the Geezer switch to get that old-school tone of a cathode biased amp with no bypass cap.Nice tones and lots of options.
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Offline bluesbear

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Re: choke or B+ resistor... are both possible?
« Reply #19 on: June 15, 2011, 12:17:02 pm »
Or, as a friend told me yesterday, a wirewound resistor IS a choke.,.. with resistance. He's built dozens of amps and has always used a wirewound in that spot. As he's the other player in my band, I've been hearing his amps for over 20 years. Works for me! As I understand it, with a wirewound, you get the benefits of both. Since it's cheaper, too, that sounds like the way to go.
Well, this has been a good one. I think I've actually learned something.
Thanks!!
Dave

Offline sluckey

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Re: choke or B+ resistor... are both possible?
« Reply #20 on: June 15, 2011, 01:44:19 pm »
Quote
a wirewound resistor IS a choke.,.. with resistance.
The same is true for a choke too. Any choke has a DC resistance. The equivalent circuit is an inductor in series with a resistor. The resistance value is the actual resistance of the wire.
A schematic, layout, and hi-rez pics are very useful for troubleshooting your amp. Don't wait to be asked. JUST DO IT!

Offline 12bz7

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Re: choke or B+ resistor... are both possible?
« Reply #21 on: June 16, 2011, 08:31:36 am »
I'm a little confused by your original question and the other posts. I'm having a bad day.
Is this what ( see attached  schem) your intending to do?
I've read somewhere (can't remember) that to loosen up a stiff and hard to play amp add a resistor
to the OT B+ line. Suppose to lower voltage to plates, cause a little sag, allow the preamp to work harder and make to amp easier to play. I'd like to try it but have unanswered questions about it.
1. Is it safe for the OT?. 2. what size/value resistor for 50w or 100w? 3. What about the screen voltage getting higher than plate voltage when driven hard? 4. Does it change the tone? 5. Will resistor or OT get hot? :w2:
thanks

Offline phsyconoodler

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Re: choke or B+ resistor... are both possible?
« Reply #22 on: June 16, 2011, 10:27:06 am »
No that's not correct.I don't think Bluesbear really knows what he wants.He wants to use a choke and then drop the voltage after the choke to the preamp with a resistor.
  A resistor where you show it is not where it needs to be.Put it in series with the choke or between the rectifier and the first filter cap.
Before the first filter cap induces power supply sag.In series with the choke simply lowers the voltage slightly.
 
 A wirewound resistor is a rather poor example of a choke.It works fine but does next to nothing to smooth out pulsing DC.The choke is an inductor and can tighten tone to varying degrees.
   Bluesbear: your buddy in your band uses a resistor and there is nothing magic about it.The rest of the circuit is where the tone is.Pop in a choke and the tone changes slightly when driven hard and it might be a bit quieter too.Traynors and many other amps have used resistors instead of chokes for many,many years,not because they are better than a choke,but because they are cheaper.Simple as that.
  You want old school tones?Build it old school.
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Offline Fresh_Start

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Re: choke or B+ resistor... are both possible?
« Reply #23 on: June 16, 2011, 11:01:25 am »
Quote
Before the first filter cap induces power supply sag.In series with the choke simply lowers the voltage slightly.

I'm not sure that I understand this.  A given size resistor, say 1K, will produce less sag if less current is pulled through it.  So 1K before the reservoir cap has ALL of the amp's current pulled through it and will produce a greater voltage drop than a 1K resistor added in between the power tube plate node (OT really) on the B+ rail and the screen grid node.  However, a 5K resistor between the plates & screen supply might produce just as much sag as a 1K before the plates if the plates pull 80% of the entire amp's current (20% * 5 = 1).

That's an over-simplified analysis, but the screen grid voltage has a big impact on power tube output IIRC.

So is there a qualitative difference in sag which includes the OT/plates versus sag which only affects the screen grids and preamp?

Cheers,

Chip

P.S.  Sorry if this seems like a side track.  Given BluesBear's questions, it may be helpful to discuss placement of the dropping resistor.
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Offline bluesbear

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Re: choke or B+ resistor... are both possible?
« Reply #24 on: June 16, 2011, 12:42:41 pm »
My original thought was that older amps (tweed Deluxe, etc) used a resistor, around 10k usually, INSTEAD of a choke. This lowered the B+ voltage and had a part in the tone of the amp. Chokes were usually used in bigger, more expensive amps because it helped smooth out the B+ ripple. My thought was build a 5E3, for example. with the 10K resistor AND the choke in series with it, in the same node between the filter caps. I wondered if you'd get the smoothing effect of the choke PLUS the lowering of the B+ from the resistor. Best of both worlds, if it would work. Seems it would be safe but the consensis is out as to whether it would do what I hoped.
Sorry about the confusion but I'm not always the best at getting a thought out of my head and onto paper.
Thanks,
Dave

Offline PRR

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Re: choke or B+ resistor... are both possible?
« Reply #25 on: June 17, 2011, 01:20:13 am »
> I guess I'm trying to reinvent the wheel

No. You are putting skids on a wheel.

You have the voltage-waste of a resistor with the cost/weight of a choke.

In an ideal world, there's probably a better way to do it.

But this being a Real World, anything goes.

> a wirewound resistor IS a choke.,.. with resistance

A truly terrible "choke". 10W 1K is probably 10 MILLI-Henries, 1/1,000th of the inductance needed to put a big hit on power ripple.

For most audio purposes, you may pretend a wire-wound has "no inductance." (This assertion must be checked when using low-ohm like 8-ohm resistors as loads for amplifiers being tested above 20KHz.... but even then, the "error" is minor.)

> Any choke has a DC resistance

Yes, and in that ideal world you could special-order a choke with higher resistance than "necessary". Or you could DIY: take the winding off, count the turns and gauge, compute a smaller gauge to give the desired higher resistance, and use the same number of turns. Should be a dime cheaper: less copper. Heat would be higher and you should check that. Obviously in a practical world it is easier to take the "too good" standard choke as-is then add standard resistor to hit your goal.

> older amps (tweed Deluxe, etc) used a resistor, around 10k usually, INSTEAD of a choke. This lowered the B+ voltage and had a part in the tone of the amp.

AND that resistor (with the filter capacitor) cut ripple buzz.

Rectifier, first cap, that through OT to 6V6 plates, Say we have 300V DC with 10V ripple.

Screen voltage should be cleaner, and may be lower. 5K and 16uFd will reduce ripple frequency by about 60:1, to 1/6th of a Volt. Pretty good filtering! It will also, for reasonable screen and preamp current, drop about 50V, to 250V DC, at idle. At FULL ROAR the screens suck harder and it may drop 100V, to 200V.

This is fine for "polite amps" which overload gracefully. But Rock has a place for amps which overload brash, harsh. To get this we want high and non-saggy screen supply.

OK, switch to 500 ohms resistor. Sag is only 5V-10V, negligible, it will be loud and harsh. But filtering with 16uFd cap is only 6:1, 1.7V ripple on screens (and usually driver). That may buzz.

Raising the 16uFd cap to 160uFd would get the ripple back down. 160uFd 450V was an impossibly large size in the classic era, and still a large cost.

We want ~~500 ohms DC drop but ~~5K AC drop. A 7H choke will do that.

Putting together a 7H choke and a 5K resistor gives 5.5K DC impedance and 10K AC impedance (ignoring a phase-correction). Ripple reduction is slightly better than a resistor alone. Cost/weight is much higher.

A good choke also stores energy. But a choke with a large resistor, you can't get the stored energy out with musical speed. Like a town water-tower, with a windshield-washer hose outlet.

I'm just saying. I _do_ think you should try the experiment: you probably have the parts, and you have the ear.

If we were really curious, you'd wire a switch to bypass either choke or resistor, have a friend secretly switch it while you played, learn if you really can tell a difference in a blind test. I suspect, despite all my blather, that there is some difference with/without the choke, but you can't reliably say which is which. If so, then for large-production amps, you would just omit the choke (profit is hard to make). In boutique production with savvy buyers, the choke may be a sales-point, worth the cost even if the sonics are ambiguous. (I am sure you can tell when a 5K resistor is in there whenever you play LOUD. This could be a valuable voice-switch.)

 


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