The "reverse polarity" is something that has to do with the connection of the line to the PT

on old amps there was a switch that acted connect a capacitor (.01 - 1400v AC on schematic - often called the death cap)
to one of the line wires (live or neutral)
with the purpose to avoid humm, this switch isn't so dangerous for the circuit (not more than an ON/OFF switch) but the cap,
if damaged, can be an issue for the player (so the name Death Cap), many people remove this cap nowaday, if you want to have
it on the circuit, use an Y class capacitor (specifically planned to be connected between line and ground, they blow open, never shorted)
Oh, I forgot, that switch was useful when the cord had only two conductors and was missing the earth conductor, nowaday, the best solution
is to put a 3 cord connector on the amp and connect the ground wire to the chassis
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About your blown fuse, is probably due to te fact that you acted the switch too quickly from ON to OFF an again ON
if you do that is possible that the PS e-capacitors are not discharged when you move again the switch to ON, but, at the same time,
the e-cap of the Bias Supply has no charge, so, for some instant, power tubes are without Bias voltage and then they conduct heavily
resulting in an inrush current that blows the fuse
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If the fuse has blow, I don't think you demaged the circuit
For safety you can use a Light Bulb Limiter the first time you put on a new fuseFranco