I just saw a Fender Showman (Rivera era) and noticed it had an equalizer ... Wondering why they're not in many electric amplifiers. ...
In the 80's, my older sister's P.O.S. boom-box had a graphic equalizer, too. It didn't keep that thing from being a P.O.S.

I think it was a fad at one time. Your amp already has tone controls and/or fixed tone-shaping (unless you're playing a tweed Champ or equivalent). Adding a graphic EQ on top of that is probably redundant. Or easily fouled up by the user. Or both.
There is additional circuitry for (active) multi-band EQ, whether graphic or parametric. A manufacturer might need a lot of incentive to add all the R's, C's, L's and opamp (solid-state or tube) stages to implement a multi-band EQ.
There's a good bit of art to designing a good EQ as well. Audio engineers know there are some EQ's (especially if frequency bands are fixed) which are very intuitive & user-friendly, while others don't seem to work well (or have the center-band frequencies in non-useful places). So picking the frequency center & bandwidth of each of the frequencies on those sliders will either make the EQ destined for greatness, or consigned to failure.
The trend I've seen over the past couple-decades has been a tendency towards "retro, back to basics, simplified, 'no tone-sucking bells & whistles' ", etc. This seems counter to inclusion of a multi-band EQ on top of channel tone controls.
And as Ed points out, a good EQ pedal can go in places amp-EQ can't, while also pairing up with any amp you want...