... It lists "Characteristics," which has two columns of numbers (?); "Maximum ratings," and "Design Center Values."
If I was to design a conservative preamp stage using this tube, Which column of numbers should I use to guide my choice of voltages ...
The Maximum Ratings are but a single column. However, that data sheet is not super-friendly.
The "Design Center" system second-guessed tube variation, and also wall voltage variation (in the old days). It was pretty conservative and left a large safety margin.
When you see other data sheets for the same tube with the "Design Maximum" system, the manufacturer no longer leaves extra margin for wall voltage variation. It's up to the user/builder to verify the tube won't exceed any rating under conditions that might occur. So the exact same tube shows higher rated limits, though generally the tube did not become more-capable.
"Absolute Maximum" ratings are just that: don't ever exceed it, no matter what happens. No manufacturer publishes the true limit, so the tube won't die 1 volt over the rated absolute max, but no one is sending you replacement tubes when they do give out.
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The
ECC88 data sheet is more helpful, having curves, etc. That's what you will need if you have to pick values for a design. The "Characteristics" in the RCA data sheet probably won't be too useful for you, as you probably won't be idling at 12-15mA per triode.
The 6DJ8/ECC88 is intentionally an Odd Duck. If you intend on building with it, it is wise to copy a known-good plan from another amp. That's because typical 6DJ8/ECC88 circuits are not easy for a newcomer to design.
This datasheet appears to have a table showing various plate voltages, plate load resistors, and cathode resistors: https://www.tubeampdoctor.com/media/pdf/24/19/71/tad-datenblatt_rt-6922_190912_version_1_0.pdf
I suppose I could go by those examples.
Yes, but almost no amp design using 6DJ8 simply uses a single-triode like they assume in their chart. Cascode is more typical, and you're best copying a known-good plan there.